Back and Shoulder Stretches for Musicians

Many musicians complain of back and shoulder pain. Regular stretching will ease pain in the shoulder and back, increase flexibility and prevent repetitive strain injury.

Musicians sit or stand in the same position for extended periods of time when practicing. Common complaints include:

• shooting pain through the shoulder and back

• dull ache in the shoulder and back

• stiffness

The degree of pain varies from mild discomfort to debilitating. If unchecked, these chronic conditions can end one's musical career.

Musicians are prone repetitive strain injury such as Thoracic Outlet Syndrome, Bursitis and Tendinitis. Pain and injury in musicians stem from poor posture, faulty technique, repetitive strain and overuse. Musicians can alleviate shoulder and back pain and avoid injuries by incorporating stretching exercises into their regular routine.

How Musicians Should Stretch the Back and Shoulder Muscles

Musicians should stretch prior to practicing or performing. Stretches can be done after a shower or after performing light exercises. Musicians should take breaks frequently to stretch. For example, stretches can be done before moving onto a new technical exercise or piece or after drilling a trouble spot.

Refer to the exercises and photos below:

1 Shoulder Shrugs

Purpose: To ease shoulder tension, alleviate shoulder pain and loosen up the shoulder muscles.

Performance:

• From a standing or sitting position, shrug your shoulders, drawing them up towards your ears.

• Hold your shoulder muscles taut for five seconds.

• Relax.

• Repeat at least two more times.

2 Shoulder Blade Pinch

Purpose: To ease shoulder tension, alleviate shoulder pain and loosen up the shoulder muscles.

Performance:

• Interlock your fingers and place them behind your head. Keep your elbows straight out to the side.

• Pull your shoulder blades together to produce tension in your upper back and shoulder blades.

• Hold this position for five to ten seconds.

• Relax.

• Repeat three to four times.

3 Shoulders & Pectoral Stretch

Purpose: To ease tension in the shoulders and pectoral muscles, alleviate shoulder pain and loosen up the shoulder muscles.

Performance:

• Interlace your fingers behind your back.

• Slowly turn your elbows inward and straighten your arms.

• Hold the stretch for five to 15 seconds.

• Relax.

• Repeat at least twice.

4 Prayer Stretch

Purpose: To ease tension and provide back pain relief.

Performance:

• Kneel on the floor.

• Reach out with both arms straight in front of you along the floor.

• Lower your body onto your heels.

• Hold this position for 20 - 30 seconds.

• Relax.

• Repeat at least twice.

5 Downward Facing Dog

Purpose: To ease tension and relieve pain in the back.

Performance:

• Start on all fours.

• Drop your head down.

• Raise your buttocks straight up towards the ceiling while straightening out your arms and legs. Keep your heels on the floor.

• Allow your spine to sink into your body and lengthen.

• Hold this stretch for 20 - 30 seconds.

• Relax.

• Repeat at least twice.

6 Cat Stretch

Purpose: To ease tension and provide back pain relief.

Performance:

• Start on all fours.

• Drop your head down.

• Raise your spine up between the shoulder blades while maintaining an abdominal hollow.

• Allow your spine to relax.

• Hold this stretch for 20 - 30 seconds.

• Relax.

• Repeat at least twice.

6 Standing Forward Bend

Purpose: To ease tension and relieve pain in the back.

Performance:

• Stand with your feet hip-width apart.

• Slowly bend forward, one vertebra at a time, allowing your head and arms to drop towards the floor.

• Keep your knees soft..

• Allow your spine to lengthen.

• Hold this stretch for 20 - 30 seconds.

• Relax.

• Repeat at least twice.

7 Cross Spiral Stretch

Purpose: To ease tension and provide back pain relief.

Performance:

• Lie on your back, holding your arms outstretched to the side.

• Bend your right knee and bring it over to your left side towards the floor, allowing it to drop over your left leg.

• Turn your head to the right.

• Hold this stretch for 20 - 30 seconds.

• Relax.

• Switch sides.

• Repeat.

For further advice, musicians should speak with a doctor, chiropractor, physical therapist or massage therapist. Alternately, musicians can take a class that involves a high degree of stretching, such as yoga.

An excellent set of stretches is outlined in Madeline Bruser's book The Art of Practicing: A Guide to Making Music from the Heart. You may also find the following articles useful: Oh, My Aching Back!, The Benefits of Yoga and How it Helps Healing, Understanding Musician Injuries.

By dedicating as little as five minutes a day to stretching, musicians can ease shoulder pain, treat back pain and prevent musician injuries.

Understanding Musician Injuries

Musicians are prone to injury from repeating a motion countless times when practicing. A better understanding of music injuries is vital for musicians' health.

Common symptoms of a musician repetitive strain injury are similar to computer-related and speech-related injuries:

• Numb fingers, arms, wrist, jaw, neck, shoulders and back

• Shooting pain up the arms, shoulder and back

• Cramping muscles or stiffness

• Dull ache experienced in the fingers, arms, back, jaw, throat, wrist, shoulders and back

• Hoarseness

If left unchecked, can become chronic conditions. They can potentially lead to long-term disability or end one’s musical career.

Common Types of Music Injuries

Common music-related injuries include:

• Bursitis: inflammation of a bursa (fluid-filled sac which lubricates the movements of tendons, muscles and bones at joints)

• Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: inflamed or irritated hand flexor tendons

• Larynx Contact Ulcers: raw sores on the mucous membranes covering the cartilage attached to the vocal chords

• Cubital Tunnel Syndrome: inflamed or irritated tendons affecting the inner side of the forearm and the pinky side of the hand

• Laryngitis: inflammation of the larynx

• De Quervain's Tenosynovitis: inflammation of the tendons on the side of the wrist beginning at the base of the thumb.

• Tendinitis: inflammation of the tendons

• Thoracic Outlet Syndrome: compression of the thoracic outlet, the nerve pathway and/or blood vessels between the base of the neck and the armpit

• Trigger Finger: inflammation of the index finger tendons

• Vocal Nodules & Polyps: small, inflammatory or fibrous growth on the vocal cords of people who strain their voices.

How Music Injuries are Caused

1. Overuse: Advanced musicians practice between one to ten hours a day.

2. Repetitive Strain: Musicians repeat a technical exercise or section of music countless times until it comes together.

3. Improper Posture: Some musicians slouch, sit too close or too far from their instrument and remain in the same position for long periods of time.

4. Non-Ergonomic Technique: Some musicians hold their body and/or instrument in an uncomfortable position, don’t move their hand and/or body in the direction that their fingers are moving, push their fingers or vocal chords beyond what they can comfortably do.

How to Prevent Music Injuries

Do Your Research: Find out more about the various types of music-related injuries.

Assess Your Instrument: Is your instrument the right size, shape, weight and height for you? Would an adjustable chair, footstool, strap or cushion make you more comfortable?

Know Your Body: Choose pieces that are reasonable for your body to play. If you have small fingers, playing repertoire that requires you to stretch beyond your finger span is a recipe for disaster. However, if you really want to learn a particular piece (or you need to learn it), make adjustments to make it easier to play. If you are a student, let your teacher know right away whether a piece or technical exercise is causing you pain.

Appraise Your Playing Technique: Is your body relaxed? Are your hands, arms, neck, head and core positioned to allow for fluid and comfortable playing or singing? Are you moving with the music? Are you using excess movements? Is your fingering logical and comfortable? Videotaping yourself is a valuable method to assess your playing technique.

Evaluate Your Non-Musical Activities: Desk and computer work, sports, dancing, carrying heavy objects (or dependents) and hobbies can adversely affect your body.

Do Warm-Up Exercises and Stretches: Musicians are sometimes called “small muscle athletes”. Stretching exercises and gentle warm-ups result in increased range of motion, strength, coordination and flexibility.

Take Breaks: One’s muscles, ears and vocal chords need regular breaks to return to their relaxed state. Not doing so tricks the body into thinking that “tense” is the “relaxed state”, resulting in chronic pain and stress.

Engage in Active Sitting: Most musicians remain in a seated position for extended periods of time. Active seating helps ease chronic back pain, promotes correct posture and maintains general health.

Seek Professional Advice: Speak to a doctor, chiropractor, massage therapist, Alexander Technique specialist, music instructor, otolaryngologist or ergonomic specialist for further information or treatment.

Be Proactive in Maintaining Musician Health

With an increased understanding of the types, causes and prevention of music injuries, musicians can be more proactive in maintaining their first instrument: the body. Musicians dedicated to maintaining musician health can look forward to many years of pain and injury-free music-making.

The Rest of My Series on Musician Injuries

Face and Neck Stretches for Musicians | Arm and Hand Stretches for Musicians | Back and Should Stretches for Musicians

Additional References:

The Art of Practicing: A Guide to Making Music from the Heart, Madeline Bruser (New York: Bell Tower, 1999)

Musicians' Injuries: Types and How to Avoid It, Espie Estrella

Musicians and Injuries, UN-L Engineering Electronics Shop, University of Nevada

Originally published on Suite101.com on November 20, 2009. All rights reserved by Rhona-Mae Arca.

Music Group Class Round 1 Reflections

Well, students and teachers of Musespeak Studio and To the Wind Studio have survived the first round of music group classes with this new format.  I learned three main lessons:

1. I have gotten too complacent as far as teacher-student communications go. My students, their parents and I have an established rapport. I'm starting virtually from scratch with my brother's students. Sure, we've chatted at recitals, but a five-minute chat and teaching in 90-minute stretches are two totally different things.

2. It is important to over-plan and have several back-up activities up your sleeve. My pacing for one of the group classes was perfect. One was all right but could use a few more activities, while the other - well we raced through my lesson plan and I wound up flying by the seat of my pants for a very long time. I have Divine inspiration to thank for the "Let's Make Up a Story with Sound" exercise that I did with yesterday's students when improvising.

3. When teaching at another studio, have a studio contact list on hand in case you need to contact a parent in the case of an emergency or behavioural issue.

Overall, it was a positive experience. I've learned which students I need to be firm with and which ones I can recruit to take more of a mentoring role with the junior students.

I enjoyed teaching four lovely girls basic conducting gestures and beat patterns.  They giggled a lot and had a great rapport with each other.  

The "Get into The Groove" class challenged me the most. I will need to plan more rhythm exercises, especially ones where they split off into smaller groups. As for the stubborn ones - let's just say that I'm just as good, if not better at digging in my heels. "The Art of Practicing" also wound up being a great group of music students who were very engaged. In discussing how to practice music, we discussed stretching as well as their learning styles and practicing challenges (e.g. "When I Don't Feel Like Practicing"). The conversation also lead to areas I had not thought of incorporating into my presentation - and they should be. Thanks to them, talking about how to practice when injured and speed learning will be incorporated into my presentation. I look forward to the next round of music group classes.

Injury Prevention for Musicians

Yes, it’s true, even musicians are afflicted by injuries. Several classmates from university and I have suffered from repetitive strain injuries (RSI) off an on for over 10 years. Once you get RSI, it’s virtually impossible to cure completely. Sometimes, it's piano related. Other times, it's computer related.  

The problems stem from poor technique, poor posture and repetitive motions. Chiropractors and physiotherapists told me that strengthening the muscles around the damaged tendons through exercise is the best way to combat the recurrence of RSI.

Calgary-based teacher, clinician, adjudicator and composer Dr. Peter Jancewicz has written several articles on the topic, having suffered from RSI. Practicing the Alexander Technique has done wonders for him.

At the Canadian Federation of Music Teachers’ Associations (CFMTA-FCAPM) conference held in Calgary July 2005, there was a session on the Feldenkrais method, which also is helpful for musicians with RSI.

Other musicians use sports and/or martial arts to strengthen their muscles. Doctors often recommend swimming and strength training. Yoga and martial arts are good activities as they not only keep musicians physically fit, but help with calming the nerves, settling the mind and focusing. That was part of my motivation for studying Iaido.

Whatever method you choose, it is best to do research first and consult with your doctor before taking on a new physical activity.

© 2006, Musespeak™, Calgary, AB, Canada. All rights reserved.